fryer



(No Model.) W. J. PRYER.-

CONSTRUCTION 01:' FLUES.

oo a 4 m W W@ QUI n m @h W a P m ,J M No MH UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM IJ. FRYER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CONSTRUCTlON OF FLU ES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 506,108, dated October 3, 1893.

Application led October 31, 1892. Serial No. 450,436. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM J. FEYER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of New York. in the State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Construction of Flues, of which the following is a specification. i

The invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a lining. Itis intended more particularly for the ues conveying the hot products of combustion from fires in or connected with buildings. The internal flues are formed before-hand in convenient lengths and are socketed together as the work of constructing the external flue or chimney proceeds.

l Ihave in Letters Patent-granted to 1n e, dated October 27, 1891, No. 462,041, set forth a construction adapted to serve for the internal flue. The present invention is in the nature of an improvement based thereon. I retain the same form of the interior, rectangular witn rounded corners, or I round the corners still more so that the interior is substantially, or it may be exactly, circular in cross-section, and I adapt the exterior to make a contact with the interior of the brick chimney alongV the corner lines, leaving spaces between these lines which are out of contact with the chimney, and avoid any necessity for nice workmanship in applying vthe parts together. These Spaces may be partially or entirely filled with mortar. f

In my former patent I provided bearing ridges on the exterior faces of the internal iiue, locating each at about the middle of each of the flat or nearly flat sides, and the spaces which existed between the internal iue and the external flue or chimney were greatest at the corners. I have discovered that it is practicable to produce the internal flues, as before, of the same material, and as before, in convenient lengths, with provisions for properly joining, and to attain the required smoothly rounded form of vthe interior with the bearing surfaces formed angularly on ribs 011 the exterior at the several corners instead 0f, as before, at or near the mid-wIdth of the Several faces. The arrangement allows the ribs to be capacious and they are each molded with continu ous longitudinal apertures therein. The new form of internal flues, having their large and hollow bearing ribs at the corners, are well guided and supported by the 5 5 brick-Work of the chimney. The hollow interior of the ribs are connected and afford a a free circulation of air, and when, as usual, the internal iiues are put in position in advance of the brick-work, being kept always a 6o portion of a length ahead, they serve to guide the brick-layer in placing the bricks for the chimney. There may be equally effective spaces between the exterior of the main portion of the interior iue and the interior ofthe exterior flue or chimney, and such spaces may be partially or entirely filled with mortar, as in my previous forms.

' The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and represent what I con- 7o sider the best means of carrying out the in vention.

Figure 1 is a vertical section showing several lengths of my internal pipe, and the brickwork of the chimney in which they are mount 75 ed. The section is the shortest across the chimney not cornerwise. Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are on a larger scale. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section. Figs. 3 aud 4 are sections on the line 3-4 in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of 8o a portion at the mid-height of one of my lengths of internal iiue. Fig. 4 is a corresponding section at the junction of two lengths of internal iue. Figs. 5 and 6 are vertical sections on the diagonal line 5 6 in Fig. 2. 85

Fig. 5 is a section at the mid-height of one of my lengths of internal flue. Fig. 6 is a corresponding section at the junction of two of the lengths. Fig. 7 is a horizonal section kon Va smaller scale, showing a modification inthe` 9o form of my internal flue. I.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the gures Where they appear.

A represents the brick-work of the chim- 95 ney, having its interior aperture rectangular in cross-section, and built up around the internal lue as the several lengths of the latter are applied in succession.

B, B, e., are the main portions of the sevroo' ity of architects plans. Each may, as in my previous patent referred to', be made in several kinds,-straight, and curved, and having flanged apertures to receive stove-pipe. 5 The main passage l) through each is of round crossed-section, and should be smooth and nicely matched. One end is provided with a bell B adapted to receive the opposite end of the next length. The internal pipe fills the exio ternal flue at each joint, being only enough smaller than the chimney at such point to make an easy fit and allow for the irregularities in brick-work. The joint may be completed with cement so as to make the internal pipe approximately or perfectly tight and thus greatly decrease the liability of fire being communicated through any fault in the external flue or chimney A to any adjacent wood-work.

Each length 0f internal pipe is formed with hollow longitudinal ribs C extending from the bell B nearly to the other end, and the several ribs are each made with two faces C', C2, standing at an angle, adapted to bear fairly against two interior faces of the flue or chimney A at and adjacent to a corner.

D is a iilling or partial filling of mortar applied in the spaces between the internal pipe B and the main surface of the chimney. The

3o roundedform of cross-section of the interior passage b gives a great area of flue passage with a given amount of frictional surface and facilitates the spiral motion which gases are inclined to assume-in rising in a ue. Each rib Cis formed with a longitudinal aperture c distinct from the central aperture h. This reduces the quantity of material in the corners. When these parts are of earthen ware it facilitates manufacturing the parts in uniform condition by forcing through dies. It also promotes uniformity of advancement of the process in burning the several lengths in the kiln. When the parts are of cast iron` thehollow condition of the ribs promotes a uniformity of cooling and shrinkage, and the consequent absence of initial strains in the castings.

My internal pipe B, C, may be of cast iron. Or may be of terra cotta, or other earthy ma- 5o terial of suliicient strength, and capable of being produced cheaply.

I attach much importance to the form and location of the longitudinal bearing ribs C. The several lengths of my internal iiue are formed with these hollow ribs having bearing faces adapted to match in each Vre-entering angle of the external flue A, and to extend a little distance from each angle, affording a sufficient bearin g to eectually guide and supo port the internal pipe by the chimney A, and when, as usual, the internal pipe is built up a little in advance, the ribs G may serve also to guide the workman in properly laying the bricks for the chimney.

The bearing ribs or faces C at the corners extend each about a quarter of the horizontal distance along one side of the interior of the chimney A. Fromthence to the corresponding bearing rib at the next corner, the exterior surface of the internal due is sunk, leaving a space which may be left empty or lled with mortar. The space allows for irregularities in the interior of the brick-work. The work requires to be approximately exact only at the corners. In this figure the form of the central aperture or passage b is nearly rectangular, four flat faces with rounded corners.

In the form shown in Fig. 7, the internal flue is circular, and the exterior is mainly octagonal. In each a longitudinal hollow rib is formed to match in each corner of the chimney. These ribs are made narrower than in Fig. 2, and the longitudinal perforations in the ribsare smaller.

Further modifications may bemadein the forms and proportions without departing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of the invention. I can make all the longitudinal perforations c circular, or all rectangular or triangular. The main passage b may, when the lengths are of cast iron, be enameled by some of the cheap processes. When the parts are of burnt earthenware, theinterior faces may be glazed so as` to reduce the friction of the gases moving through the flue. My invention retains the heat in the interior of the chimney, and consequently maintains the heat ot' the gases, which is important where the draft is moderate in high chimneys with their exteriors exposed to low temperatures. The arrangement of the bearing ribs at the corners effectually defends against twisting,and make it easy to` have ribs of large cross section, while the-hollow form allows the material to shrink uniformly in the manufacture.

In all the forms of my invention I make the longitudinal aperture c in each length coincide with the corresponding aperture in the next length. This allows a free circulation of air for uniformity of temperature and dryness under all conditions.

I claim as my inventionl. The interior flue B, having a main passage b of rounded cross-section, with hollow hearing ribs C, having angular faces C', C2, formed in short lengths, and provided each with a socket or bell Badapted to match together and to the interior of the flue A, as shown, so that the hollow ribs shall bear each against two adjacent faces of the exterior flue in combination therewith, as herein speci- 2. In combination with a flue or chimney A, of angular cross-section, the interior flue B, having a main passage b of rounded crosssection, and having hollow ribs C, each with two faces C', C2, corresponding to the inte rior faces of the flue A near a corner, and having longitudinal passages c in the several ribs arranged to match together and form continuous passages, all substantially as herein specified. e y

IOO

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3. In combination with an external Iiue or vIn testimony that I claim the invention 1o chimney of angular cross-section, an interior above set forth I affix my signature in preslue or pipe made in lengths, having the main ence of two witnesses. interior passage of rounded cross-section, and having hollow bearing ribs C onits exterior, WM. J. FRYER. each rib having two faces C', C2, arranged angularly, and matched in the corners of the Witnesses: exterior''lue, all substantially as herein speci- M. F. BOYLE, fied. Y H. A. JoHNsToNE. 

